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Specifically, the mice lacked the protein ankyrin-G, in particular neurons in the brain, a defect that appears to make the animals both hyperactive and less fearful, a behavioral profile suggestive of a mania-like state for a mouse. At the same time, the rodents had an even greater response to social defeat stress than normal mice do, suggesting their brains also are more susceptible to a depressive-like state. Human bipolar disease is characterized by swings in "manic" and "depressive" moods. In a report on the mouse studies, published online Sept. 11 in  PNAS  ( Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ), the investigators say the genetic alteration appears to release the biochemical "brakes" on brain cells involved in body movement, reasoning and perception of the world, triggering over-excited activity and reactions. The results of their work, the researchers say, may advance scientific understanding of how ...

This can be a determine exhibiting RNA sequence of command. Credit score: Professor Jaramillo/College of Warwick Led by Professor Alfonso Jaramillo within the Faculty of Life Sciences, new analysis has found widespread molecule -- ribonucleic acid (RNA), which is produced abundantly by people, vegetation and animals -- could be genetically engineered to permit scientists to program the actions of a cell. In addition to combating illness and damage in people, scientists may harness this system to regulate plant cells and reverse environmental and agricultural points, making vegetation extra resilient to illness and pests. RNAs carry data between protein and DNA in cells, and Professor Jaramillo has proved that these molecules could be produce...